For fossil species and paleosubspecies of extant taxa, see the genus and species articles. For a full list of extant and recently extinct owls, see the article List of owl species. Palaeobyas (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Quercy, France) Tytonidae? Sophiornithidae? [ citation needed] Martin, Dennis J. (1973). "Selected Aspects of Burrowing Owl Ecology and Behavior". The Condor. 75 (4): 446–456. doi: 10.2307/1366565. JSTOR 1366565. S2CID 55069283. Development strategy, planning and approval solutions for buildings, infrastructure, transport and city projects and investments.

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Recent phylogenetic studies place owls within the clade Telluraves, most closely related to the Accipitrimorphae and the Coraciimorphae, [36] [37] although the exact placement within Telluraves is disputed. [38] [39] Prum, R.O. et al. (2015) A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature 526, 569–573. Genus Bubo – the horned owls, eagle-owls and fish-owls; paraphyletic with the genera Nyctea, Ketupa, and Scotopelia, some 25 species Another popular theory suggests that females have not been selected to be smaller like male owls because of their sexual roles. In many species, female owls may not leave the nest. Therefore, females may have a larger mass to allow them to go for a longer period of time without starving. For example, one hypothesized sexual role is that larger females are more capable of dismembering prey and feeding it to their young, hence female owls are larger than their male counterparts. [12] The smallest owl—weighing as little as 1 + 3⁄ 32oz) and measuring some 13.5cm ( 5 + 1⁄ 4in)—is the elf owl ( Micrathene whitneyi). [6] Around the same diminutive length, although slightly heavier, are the lesser known long-whiskered owlet ( Xenoglaux loweryi) and Tamaulipas pygmy owl ( Glaucidium sanchezi). [6] The largest owls are two similarly sized eagle owls; the Eurasian eagle-owl ( Bubo bubo) and Blakiston's fish owl ( Bubo blakistoni). The largest females of these species are 71cm (28in) long, have a 190cm (75in) wing span, and weigh 4.2kg ( 9 + 1⁄ 4lb). [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

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Gerald Mayr. "The world's smallest owl, the earliest unambiguous charadriiform bird, and other avian remains from the early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation of Virginia (USA)" (PDF). Phatfossils.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022. Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn-owl family, Tytonidae. [2] T. F. Thiselton-Dyer, in his 1883 Folk-lore of Shakespeare, says that "from the earliest period it has been considered a bird of ill-omen," and Pliny tells us how, on one occasion, even Rome itself underwent a lustration, because one of them strayed into the Capitol. He represents it also as a funereal bird, a monster of the night, the very abomination of humankind. Virgil describes its death howl from the top of the temple by night, a circumstance introduced as a precursor of Dido's death. Ovid, too, constantly speaks of this bird's presence as an evil omen; and indeed the same notions respecting it may be found among the writings of most of the ancient poets." [61] A list of "omens drear" in John Keats' Hyperion includes the "gloom-bird's hated screech." [62] Pliny the Elder reports that owls' eggs were commonly used as a hangover cure. [63]